"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { code: "code", h1: "h1", h2: "h2", h3: "h3", hr: "hr", li: "li", p: "p", pre: "pre", strong: "strong", table: "table", tbody: "tbody", td: "td", th: "th", thead: "thead", tr: "tr", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsx(_components.h1, { id: "deploying-local-applications-on-kubernetes-kubectl-vs-helm", children: "Deploying Local Applications on Kubernetes: kubectl vs Helm" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["In this guide, we’ll walk through deploying a basic web service to a Kubernetes cluster using two approaches: manually with ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "kubectl" }), " and declaratively with Helm. Understanding both paths gives insight into Kubernetes application lifecycles and toolchain evolution."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "1-prerequisites", children: "1. Prerequisites" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "A running Kubernetes cluster (e.g., K3s, Minikube)" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "kubectl" }), " configured and tested"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "helm" }), " installed"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["For simplicity, we'll deploy a containerized HTTP server using the ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "hashicorp/http-echo" }), " image."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "2-deploying-via-kubectl-raw-manifests", children: "2. Deploying via kubectl (Raw Manifests)" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "21-create-yaml-files", children: "2.1 Create YAML Files" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "deployment.yaml" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-yaml", children: "apiVersion: apps/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n name: echo-app\nspec:\n replicas: 1\n selector:\n matchLabels:\n app: echo\n template:\n metadata:\n labels:\n app: echo\n spec:\n containers:\n - name: echo\n image: hashicorp/http-echo\n args: [\"-text=Hello from kubectl\"]\n ports:\n - containerPort: 5678\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "service.yaml" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-yaml", children: "apiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n name: echo-service\nspec:\n selector:\n app: echo\n ports:\n - protocol: TCP\n port: 80\n targetPort: 5678\n type: ClusterIP\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "22-apply-the-manifests", children: "2.2 Apply the Manifests" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml\nkubectl apply -f service.yaml\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "23-verify", children: "2.3 Verify" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "kubectl get pods\nkubectl get svc\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "3-deploying-via-helm", children: "3. Deploying via Helm" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "31-create-a-helm-chart", children: "3.1 Create a Helm Chart" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "helm create echo-chart\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Replace the default template files:" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "echo-chart/values.yaml" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-yaml", children: "replicaCount: 1\nimage:\n repository: hashicorp/http-echo\n pullPolicy: IfNotPresent\n tag: latest\nargs:\n - \"-text=Hello from Helm\"\nservice:\n type: ClusterIP\n port: 80\ncontainerPort: 5678\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "echo-chart/templates/deployment.yaml" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-yaml", children: "apiVersion: apps/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n name: {{ include \"echo-chart.fullname\" . }}\nspec:\n replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }}\n selector:\n matchLabels:\n app: {{ include \"echo-chart.name\" . }}\n template:\n metadata:\n labels:\n app: {{ include \"echo-chart.name\" . }}\n spec:\n containers:\n - name: {{ .Chart.Name }}\n image: \"{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}\"\n args: {{ .Values.args }}\n ports:\n - containerPort: {{ .Values.containerPort }}\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "echo-chart/templates/service.yaml" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-yaml", children: "apiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n name: {{ include \"echo-chart.fullname\" . }}\nspec:\n type: {{ .Values.service.type }}\n selector:\n app: {{ include \"echo-chart.name\" . }}\n ports:\n - port: {{ .Values.service.port }}\n targetPort: {{ .Values.containerPort }}\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "32-install-the-chart", children: "3.2 Install the Chart" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "helm install echo-release ./echo-chart\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "33-verify", children: "3.3 Verify" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "helm list\nkubectl get all\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "4-summary-kubectl-vs-helm", children: "4. Summary: kubectl vs Helm" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, { children: "Feature" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "kubectl" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "Helm" })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.tbody, { children: [_jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "File structure" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Multiple flat YAMLs" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Chart directory with templates" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Reusability" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Limited" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "High (templated values, overrides)" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Rollback support" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Manual" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Built-in rollback/upgrade capability" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Application packaging" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "None" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Yes (charts can be versioned & shared)" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Best for" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Simple, one-off deployments" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Structured, repeatable deployments" })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "common-kubectl-commands-by-use-case", children: "Common kubectl Commands by Use Case" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "cluster-management", children: "Cluster Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Get cluster information\nkubectl cluster-info\nkubectl version\nkubectl get nodes\nkubectl describe node \n\n# Switch contexts and namespaces\nkubectl config get-contexts\nkubectl config use-context \nkubectl config set-context --current --namespace=\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "resource-management", children: "Resource Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Create resources\nkubectl create namespace dev\nkubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx\nkubectl create service clusterip nginx --tcp=80:80\n\n# Apply manifests\nkubectl apply -f deployment.yaml\nkubectl apply -f ./manifests\nkubectl apply -k ./kustomize-dir\n\n# Delete resources\nkubectl delete pod \nkubectl delete -f deployment.yaml\nkubectl delete namespace dev --grace-period=0 --force\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "monitoring-and-debugging", children: "Monitoring and Debugging" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Get resource status\nkubectl get pods -A --watch\nkubectl get deployments -n production\nkubectl get events --sort-by='.metadata.creationTimestamp'\n\n# Describe resources\nkubectl describe pod \nkubectl describe deployment \nkubectl describe service \n\n# View logs\nkubectl logs \nkubectl logs -f -c \nkubectl logs --previous # Previous container instance\n\n# Execute commands in containers\nkubectl exec -it -- /bin/bash\nkubectl exec -- curl -s localhost:8080\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "application-scaling-and-updates", children: "Application Scaling and Updates" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Scale resources\nkubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3\nkubectl autoscale deployment nginx --min=2 --max=5 --cpu-percent=80\n\n# Update applications\nkubectl set image deployment/nginx nginx=nginx:1.19\nkubectl rollout status deployment/nginx\nkubectl rollout history deployment/nginx\nkubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "resource-inspection", children: "Resource Inspection" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Get detailed information\nkubectl get pod -o yaml\nkubectl get service -o json\nkubectl get deployments -o wide\n\n# Custom columns and sorting\nkubectl get pods --sort-by='.metadata.creationTimestamp'\nkubectl get pods -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,STATUS:.status.phase\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "troubleshooting", children: "Troubleshooting" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Network debugging\nkubectl port-forward pod/ 8080:80\nkubectl proxy --port=8080\nkubectl top pods\nkubectl top nodes\n\n# Resource validation\nkubectl auth can-i create deployments\nkubectl api-resources\nkubectl explain deployment.spec\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "configuration-and-security", children: "Configuration and Security" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Config and secrets\nkubectl create configmap app-config --from-file=./config.properties\nkubectl create secret generic db-creds \\\n --from-literal=username=admin \\\n --from-literal=password=secret\n\n# RBAC management\nkubectl create serviceaccount \nkubectl create role pod-reader --verb=get --verb=list --resource=pods\nkubectl create rolebinding pod-reader-binding --role=pod-reader --serviceaccount=default:default\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "These commands cover the essential kubectl operations for managing Kubernetes clusters and applications effectively." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "common-helm-commands-by-use-case", children: "Common Helm Commands by Use Case" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "repository-management", children: "Repository Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Add and update repositories\nhelm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami\nhelm repo update\nhelm repo list\nhelm repo remove bitnami\n\n# Search for charts\nhelm search repo nginx\nhelm search hub postgresql\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "chart-installation-and-upgrades", children: "Chart Installation and Upgrades" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Install a chart with specific release name and namespace\nhelm install nginx-prod bitnami/nginx --namespace prod\nhelm install redis-cache bitnami/redis --set password=secretpass\n\n# Upgrade existing releases\nhelm upgrade nginx-prod bitnami/nginx --reuse-values\nhelm upgrade --install nginx-prod bitnami/nginx # Install if not exists\n\n# Roll back to previous release\nhelm rollback nginx-prod 1 # Roll back to revision 1\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "release-management", children: "Release Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# List and inspect releases\nhelm list --all-namespaces\nhelm status nginx-prod\nhelm history nginx-prod\n\n# Uninstall releases\nhelm uninstall nginx-prod\nhelm uninstall nginx-prod --keep-history # Preserve release history\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "development-and-debugging", children: "Development and Debugging" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Test template rendering\nhelm template nginx-prod bitnami/nginx\nhelm template . --debug # For local chart development\n\n# Validate chart\nhelm lint ./my-chart\nhelm install nginx-prod . --dry-run\n\n# Show differences before upgrade\nhelm diff upgrade nginx-prod bitnami/nginx # Requires helm-diff plugin\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "value-management", children: "Value Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Work with values\nhelm get values nginx-prod\nhelm get values nginx-prod --revision 1\nhelm show values bitnami/nginx\n\n# Install/upgrade with multiple value files\nhelm install nginx-prod bitnami/nginx \\\n -f values.yaml \\\n -f values.prod.yaml \\\n --set service.type=LoadBalancer\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "package-management", children: "Package Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Create and package charts\nhelm create my-chart\nhelm package ./my-chart\nhelm push my-chart-0.1.0.tgz chartmuseum # Requires push plugin\n\n# Download chart dependencies\nhelm dependency update ./my-chart\nhelm dependency build ./my-chart\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { id: "plugin-management", children: "Plugin Management" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash", children: "# Work with plugins\nhelm plugin install https://github.com/databus23/helm-diff\nhelm plugin list\nhelm plugin uninstall diff\n" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "These commands cover most day-to-day Helm operations, from basic chart installation to advanced development workflows." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { id: "next-steps", children: "Next Steps" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Integrate Helm charts into your CI/CD pipelines" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Add Ingress for external exposure" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Expand charts with ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ConfigMap" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "Secrets" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "Probes" }), ", and resource limits"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Mastering both ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "kubectl" }), " and Helm ensures you can operate at all abstraction levels of Kubernetes—from imperative one-off tasks to fully automated rollouts."] })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };